An intellectual disability is characterized by significantly below average intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning manifested during the developmental period, and significantly affecting a child’s educational performance. Other factors considered include the ability to comprehend and participate in a conversation, understand and follow social norms, and perform age-appropriate activities. The causes of intellectual disabilities ranges from genetic conditions (Down Syndromw and Fragile X Syndrome), to complications at birth, and health problems early in life.
An intellectual disability can create many educational challenges such as difficulty in understanding new concepts, limited vocabulary, behavioral problems, and difficulty with accomplishing tasks. However, children are all unique, and their disability can range from a mild, to a more severe intellectual disability. It’s important to have an accurate picture of a student’s cognitive and adaptive skills, to better determine the appropriate evidence-based practices needed for each child.
For more information on intellectual disabilities:
American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
